Periodontal (Gum) Disease Therapy

Periodontal (gum) disease, also known as periodontitis, is a bacterial infection that inflames the soft tissue around your teeth and becomes more severe if left untreated. Over time, gum disease will erode the bone that supports your teeth, leading to mobility and tooth loss. Gum disease is quite common, though very preventable, because it is usually a result of poor oral hygiene habits.

Stages of Gum Disease

• Gingivitis: The first stage — red, swollen, and bleeding gums. The only stage that can be reversed, as no bone damage has occurred yet. Prevented with regular brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings.
• Mild Periodontitis: Gums begin to pull away from teeth and some bone loss occurs. Periodontal pockets develop where plaque, tartar, and bacteria become trapped. Cannot be reversed, but can be maintained with deep cleaning procedures.
• Moderate Periodontitis: Bacteria continue damaging ligaments, joints, and soft tissues. Gums become sore and tender, and damage is now permanent.
• Severe Periodontitis: Receding and bleeding gums, halitosis, pus-filled abscesses, and loose or lost teeth. Requires aggressive treatment.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Smoking: Weakens the body's ability to fight infection and repair gum tissue.
• Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like diabetes, cancer, and HIV weaken the immune system.
• Genetics: Family history of dental disease increases your risk.
• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, puberty, menopause, and birth control pills increase risk in women.
• Chronic inflammation: Conditions like arthritis and cardiovascular disease are linked to gum disease.
• Certain medications: Some medications reduce saliva or cause abnormal gum tissue growth.